Table 1 Genes associated with inherited eye disorders in the domestic dog

Cone-rod dystrophy

CRD3

ADAM9

Glen of Imaal terrier

[53, 54]

Primary open angle glaucoma

POAG

ADAMTS10

Beagle

[147]

Primary lens luxation

PLL

ADAMTS17

Multiple, mainly terrier breeds

[129, 132]

Rod cone degeneration

RCD4

C2orf71

Gordon Setter, Irish Setter, Tibetan Terrier

[30]

Generalised progressive retinal atrophy

gPRA

CCDC66

Schappendoes

[28]

Progressive retinal atrophy

PRA

CNGB1

Papillon

[15, 17]

Cone degeneration

CD

CNGB3

Alaskan malamute

[68]

Cone degeneration

CD

CNGB3

German shorthaired pointer

[69]

Dwarfism with retinal dysplasia (oculoskeletal dysplasia)

DRD2 (OSD2)

COL9A2

Samoyed

[90]

Dwarfism with retinal dysplasia (oculoskeletal dysplasia)

DRD1 (OSD1)

COL9A3

Labrador retriever

[90]

Hereditary cataract

HC, EHC

HSF4

Staffordshire bull terrier, Boston terrier, French bulldog

[103]

Hereditary cataract

HC

HSF4

Australian Shepherd

[107]

Collie eye anomaly

CEA

NHEJ1

Collies

[91]

Cone-rod dystrophy

NPHP4

Standard wirehaired dachshund

[49]

Photoreceptor dysplasia

PD

PDC

Miniature schnauzer

[13]

Rod cone dysplasia

RCD1

PDE6B

Irish setter

[2]

Rod cone dysplasia

RCD1

PDE6B

Sloughi

[3]

Rod cone dysplasia

RCD3

PDE6A

Cardigan Welsh corgi

[4]

Progressive rod-cone degeneration

PRCD

PRCD

Multiple breeds

[23]

Rod cone dysplasia

RCD2

RD3

Collie

[7]

Autosomal dominant progressive retinal atrophy

ADPRA

RHO

English mastiff

[24]

Congenital stationary night blindness

CSNB

RPE65

Briard

[58, 59]

X-linked progressive retinal atrophy

XLPRA2

RPGR

Mixed breed dogs

[18]

X-linked progressive retinal atrophy

XLPRA1

RPGR

Siberian Husky, Samoyed

[18]

Cone-rod dystrophy

CORD1 (CRD4)

RPGRIP

Dachshunds

[38]

Early retinal degeneration

ERD

STK38L

Norwegian elkhound

[11]

Canine multifocal retinopathy

CMR1

VMD2/BEST1

Great Pyrenees, English Mastiff, and Bullmastiff dogs

[74]

Canine multifocal retinopathy

CMR2

VMD2/BEST1

Coton de Tulears

[74]

Canine multifocal retinopathy

CMR3

VMD2/BEST1

Lapponian Herder

[75]