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Table 3 Comparative prevalence values (%) for upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders recorded in 600 extreme brachycephalic (Bulldog, French Bulldog, Pug) and 600 other dogs (moderate brachycephalic: Yorkshire Terrier, non-brachycephalic: Border Terrier, West Highland White Terrier) attending primary-care veterinary practices in England (200 dogs of each breed type)

From: Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England

Variable

Extreme brachycephalic (n = 600) No. (%)

Moderate and non-brachycephalic (n = 600) No. (%)

Overall

P-value

Proportion of dogs with at least one URT disorder

132 (22.0)

58 (9.7)

190 (15.8)

<0.001

Proportion of dogs with a URT disorder affecting this anatomic site

    

Nares/Nasal Cavity

68 (11.3)

23 (3.8)

91 (7.6)

<0.001

Hard and soft palate

19 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

19 (1.6)

<0.001

Pharynx

8 (1.3)

4 (0.7)

12 (1.0)

0.246

Tonsil

3 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

4 (0.3)

0.317

Larynx

7 (1.2)

1 (0.2)

8 (0.7)

0.033

Trachea

30 (5.0)

38 (6.3)

68 (5.7)

0.318

BOAS (brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome)

21 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

21 (1.8)

<0.001

Multi-site URT

68 (11.3)

11 (1.8)

79 (6.6)

<0.001