Table 3 Final mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression model for risk factors associated with a diagnosis of patellar luxation in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England

Breed

Crossbred

Base

Other breed-types

0.4

0.3–0.5

<0.001

Bichon

3.0

2.0–4.4

<0.001

Bulldog

2.9

1.7–5.0

<0.001

French Bulldog

5.4

3.1–9.3

<0.001

Chihuahua

5.9

4.4–7.9

<0.001

Lhasa Apso

3.1

1.9–5.1

<0.001

Pomeranian

6.5

4.0–10.7

<0.001

Pug

3.7

2.3–5.8

<0.001

Shih-tzu

1.2

0.8–2.0

0.392

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

2.5

1.8–3.5

<0.001

Jack Russell Terrier

1.5

1.1–2.0

0.008

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

0.5

0.3–0.7

0.001

West Highland White Terrier

2.0

1.4–2.8

<0.001

Yorkshire Terrier

5.5

4.3–7.1

<0.001

Breed relative bodyweight^a

At or above breed mean

Base

Below breed mean

1.4

1.2–1.6

<0.001

No recorded weight

0.3

0.2–0.4

<0.001

Age (years)

<3.0

Base

3.0 - <6.0

0.8

0.7–1.0

0.019

6.0 - <9.0

0.8

0.6–1.0

0.017

9.0 - <12.0

0.7

0.5–0.8

0.001

> or = 12.0

0.4

0.3–0.5

<0.001

No age available

158.7

114.8–219.5

<0.001

Sex

Male

Base

Female

1.3

1.1–1.5

<0.001

Unknown

0.1

0.0–0.9

0.038

Neutered

Entire

Base

Neutered

2.4

1.8–3.2

<0.001

Unknown

1.2

0.9–1.6

0.222

Insured

Uninsured

Base

Insured

1.9

1.6–2.3

<0.001

Unknown

1.1

0.9–1.3

0.488