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Table 5 Risk factors (exercise, environment and activity factors) for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) from univariable analysis (OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval)
| Variable | Category | Case | Non-Case | OR | 95 % CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 30 min exercise | No | 231 (13.8 %) | 1440 (86.2 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 77 (28.5 %) | 193 (71.5 %) | 2.49 | 1.85–3.52 | <0.001 | |
| 30 min–1 h exercise | No | 212 (15.3 %) | 1176 (84.7 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 96 (17.4 %) | 457 (82.6 %) | 1.17 | 0.90–1.52 | 0.257 | |
| Over 1 h exercise | No | 176 (21.2 %) | 654 (78.8 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 132 (11.9 %) | 979 (88.1 %) | 0.50 | 0.39–0.64 | <0.001 | |
| Off lead exercise | No | 204 (17.1 %) | 992 (82.9 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 103 (13.9 %) | 640 (96.1 %) | 0.78 | 0.61–1.01 | 0.061 | |
| Jogging/cycling with owner | No | 307 (16.0 %) | 1616 (84.0 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 1 (5.9 %) | 16 (94.1 %) | 0.33 | 0.04–2.49 | 0.282 | |
| Collar use | Neither | 23 (18.4 %) | 102 (81.6 %) | 1 (base) | 0.016 | |
| Both | 1 (10.0 %) | 9 (90.0 %) | 0.49 | 0.06–4.08 | 0.512 | |
| Collar | 172 (13.7 %) | 1086 (86.3 %) | 0.70 | 0.44–1.14 | 0.149 | |
| Harness | 107 (19.3 %) | 447 (80.7 %) | 1.06 | 0.64–1.75 | 0.815 | |
| Pulling | No pull | 217 (15.8 %) | 1159 (84.2 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Harness pull | 35 (17.6 %) | 164 (82.4 %) | 1.14 | 0.77–1.69 | 0.514 | |
| Collar pull | 39 (12.5 %) | 273 (87.5 %) | 0.76 | 0.53–1.10 | 0.147 | |
| Obedience | No | 237 (15.5 %) | 1290 (84.5 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 63 (15.1 %) | 353 (84.9 %) | 0.97 | 0.72–1.31 | 0.851 | |
| Participation in group walks | No | 260 (15.9 %) | 1378 (84.1 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 40 (13.1 %) | 265 (86.9 %) | 0.80 | 0.56–1.14 | 0.222 | |
| Showing at fun/charity/exemption shows | No | 276 (16.1 %) | 1434 (83.9 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 24 (10.3 %) | 209 (89.7 %) | 0.59 | 0.38–0.93 | 0.022 | |
| Showing at Kennel Club Championship shows | No | 291 (16.9 %) | 1431 (83.1 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 9 (4.1 %) | 212 (95.9 %) | 0.21 | 0.11–0.41 | <0.001 | |
| Showing at Kennel Club Open shows | No | 289 (16.7 %) | 1441 (83.3 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 11 (5.2 %) | 202 (94.8 %) | 0.27 | 0.15–0.51 | <0.001 | |
| Canine Good Citizen | No | 286 (16.1 %) | 1485 (83.9 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 14 (8.1 %) | 158 (91.9 %) | 0.46 | 0.26–0.81 | 0.007 | |
| Mini agility | No | 288 (15.5 %) | 1574 (84.5 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 12 (14.8 %) | 69 (85.2 %) | 0.87 | 0.51–1.78 | 0.874 | |
| Earth/Working trials | No | 292 (15.5 %) | 1596 (84.5 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 8 (14.5 %) | 47 (85.5 %) | 0.93 | 0.44–1.99 | 0.852 | |
| Therapy dog (Pets as Therapy) | No | 295 (15.5 %) | 1609 (84.5 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 5 (12.8 %) | 34 (87.2 %) | 0.80 | 0.31–2.07 | 0.648 | |
| Heelwork to music | No | 299 (15.4 %) | 1638 (84.6 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 1 (16.7 %) | 5 (83.3 %) | 1.10 | 0.13–9.41 | 0.934 | |
| Cani-X | No | 298 (15.4 %) | 1640 (84.6 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| Yes | 2 (40.0 %) | 3 (60.0 %) | 0.16 | 0.61–22.05 | 0.155 | |
| Spend day | Dog play pen | 1 (10.0 %) | 9 (90.0 %) | 1 (base) | 0.724 | |
| House – no restriction | 152 (16.1 %) | 791 (83.9 %) | 1.73 | 0.22–13.75 | 0.605 | |
| House – restrictions | 144 (15.9 %) | 764 (84.1 %) | 1.70 | 0.21–13.49 | 0.617 | |
| Outbuilding with run | 0 (0 %) | 8 (100.0 %) | 0.00 | – | 0.999 | |
| Outdoor/farm/garden | 4 (9.1 %) | 40 (90.9 %) | 0.90 | 0.09–9.05 | 0.929 | |
| Kennel and run | 0 (0 %) | 24 (100.0 %) | 0.00 | – | 0.998 | |
| Outbuilding no run | 0 (0 %) | 3 (100 %) | 0.00 | – | 0.999 | |
| Dog cage/crate | 9 (26.5 %) | 25 (73.5 %) | 3.24 | 0.36–29.30 | 0.295 | |
| Other dog company | Only dog | 112 (16.4 %) | 573 (83.6 %) | 1 (base) | 0.350 | |
| One other Dachshund | 85 (17.9 %) | 391 (82.1 %) | 1.11 | 0.82–1.52 | 0.501 | |
| One non-Dachshund | 25 (12.3 %) | 178 (87.7 %) | 0.72 | 0.45–1.14 | 0.164 | |
| 2 or more Dachshunds | 54 (14.6 %) | 315 (85.4 %) | 0.88 | 0.62–1.25 | 0.466 | |
| 2 or more non Dachshunds | 34 (14.0 %) | 208 (86.0 %) | 0.84 | 0.55–1.23 | 0.399 | |
| Stairs | Up and down flight of stairs each day | 90 (12.3 %) | 641 (87.7 %) | 1 (base) | 0.005 | |
| No stairs each day | 116 (17.0 %) | 567 (83.0 %) | 1.46 | 1.10–1.96 | 0.013 | |
| One step in/out of house each day | 104 (18.5 %) | 457 (81.5 %) | 1.62 | 1.19–2.20 | 0.002 | |
| Furniture jump | Yes | 138 (10.4 %) | 1194 (89.6 %) | 1 (base) | ||
| No | 172 (26.7 %) | 471 (73.3 %) | 3.16 | 2.47–4.05 | <0.001 | |
| Activity level | Not at all active | 20 (37.7 %) | 33 (62.3 %) | 1 (base) | <0.001 | |
| Highly active | 44 (7.8 %) | 517 (92.2 %) | 0.140 | 0.07–0.27 | <0.001 | |
| Moderately active | 133 (13.8 %) | 832 (86.2 %) | 0.264 | 1.45–0.47 | <0.001 | |
| Mildly active | 113 (28.6 %) | 282 (71.4 %) | 0.661 | 0.36–1.20 | 0.174 |
