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Table 1 Descriptive and univariable logistic regression results for risk factors associated with lipoma diagnosis in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in the VetCompass™ Programme in the UK

From: Lipoma in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and breed associations

Variable

Category

Case No. (%)

Control No. (%)

Odds ratio

95% CIa

Category P-value

Variable P-value

Purebred status

Crossbred

757 (0.81)

92,149 (99.19)

Base

  

<  0.001

Purebred

2004 (0.70)

282,634 (99.30)

0.86

0.79–0.94

0.001

 

Breed

Crossbred

757 (0.81)

92,149 (99.19)

Base

  

<  0.001

Weimaraner

39 (3.06)

1237 (96.94)

3.84

2.77–5.32

<  0.001

 

Dobermann Pinscher

35 (2.63)

1294 (97.37)

3.29

2.34–4.64

<  0.001

 

German Pointer

19 (1.97)

944 (98.03)

2.45

1.55–3.88

<  0.001

 

Springer Spaniel

182 (1.96)

9118 (98.04)

2.43

2.06–2.86

<  0.001

 

Labrador Retriever

545 (1.95)

27,387 (98.05)

2.42

2.17–2.71

<  0.001

 

Cairn Terrier

22 (1.74)

1243 (98.26)

2.15

1.40–3.30

<  0.001

 

Border Collie

112 (1.09)

10,150 (98.91)

1.34

1.10–1.64

0.004

 

Golden Retriever

52 (1.08)

4746 (98.92)

1.33

1.00–1.77

0.046

 

Beagle

29 (1.02)

2802 (98.98)

1.26

0.87–1.83

0.225

 

Miniature Schnauzer

33 (1.00)

3261 (99.00)

1.23

0.87–1.75

0.243

 

Dalmatian

15 (1.00)

1481 (99.00)

1.23

0.74–2.06

0.424

 

Cocker Spaniel

130 (0.98)

13,099 (99.02)

1.21

1.00–1.46

0.048

 

Patterdale Terrier

19 (0.90)

2087 (99.10)

1.11

0.70–1.75

0.660

 

Rottweiler

33 (0.75)

4340 (99.25)

0.93

0.65–1.31

0.665

 

Border Terrier

29 (0.61)

4724 (99.39)

0.75

0.52–1.08

0.125

 

Boxer

30 (0.57)

5276 (99.43)

0.69

0.48–1.00

0.049

 

Other purebreds

307 (0.51)

60,029 (99.49)

0.62

0.55–0.71

<  0.001

 

Jack Russell Terrier

107 (0.47)

22,826 (99.53)

0.57

0.47–0.70

<  0.001

 

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

116 (0.44)

25,966 (99.56)

0.54

0.44–0.66

<  0.001

 

West Highland White Terrier

41 (0.40)

10,135 (99.60)

0.49

0.36–0.67

<  0.001

 

Breed not recorded

4 (0.37)

1064 (99.63)

0.46

0.17–1.22

0.120

 

Bichon

16 (0.30)

5402 (99.70)

0.36

0.22–0.59

<  0.001

 

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

21 (0.24)

8684 (99.76)

0.29

0.19–0.45

<  0.001

 

German Shepherd Dog

20 (0.18)

10,799 (99.82)

0.23

0.14–0.35

<  0.001

 

Yorkshire Terrier

21 (0.16)

12,808 (99.84)

0.20

0.13–0.31

<  0.001

 

Lhasa Apso

9 (0.15)

5996 (99.85)

0.18

0.09–0.35

<  0.001

 

Shih Tzu

15 (0.12)

12,617 (99.88)

0.14

0.09–0.24

<  0.001

 

Chihuahua

7 (0.07)

9755 (99.93)

0.09

0.04–0.18

<  0.001

 

Pug

0 (0.00)

4428 (100.00)

~

~

~

 

Kennel Club Breed Group

Breed not Kennel Club recognised

906 (0.73)

123,756 (99.27)

Base

  

<  0.001

Toy

78 (0.16)

47,485 (99.84)

0.22

0.18–0.28

<  0.001

 

Utility

119 (0.31)

38,173 (99.69)

0.43

0.35–0.52

<  0.001

 

Terrier

259 (0.53)

48,432 (99.47)

0.73

0.64–0.84

<  0.001

 

Gundog

1016 (1.66)

60,116 (98.34)

2.31

2.11–2.53

<  0.001

 

Hound

86 (0.64)

13,315 (99.36)

0.88

0.71–1.10

0.268

 

Pastoral

173 (0.69)

25,034 (99.31)

0.94

0.80–1.11

0.489

 

Working

124 (0.67)

18,472 (99.33)

0.92

0.76–1.11

0.367

 

Adult (>  18 months) bodyweight (kg)

<  10.0

200 (0.24)

83,327 (99.76)

Base

  

<  0.001

10.0–19.9

666 (0.86)

77,090 (99.14)

3.60

3.07–4.22

<  0.001

 

20.0–29.9

721 (1.25)

56,792 (98.75)

5.29

4.52–6.19

<  0.001

 

30.0–39.9

697 (1.77)

38,609 (98.23)

7.52

6.42–8.81

<  0.001

 

≥ 40.0

364 (1.73)

20,657 (98.27)

7.34

6.17–8.73

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded

117 (0.12)

99,372 (99.88)

0.49

0.39–0.62

<  0.001

 

Bodyweight relative to breed mean

Lower

862 (0.56)

154,194 (99.44)

Base

  

<  0.001

Equal/Higher

1787 (1.44)

122,132 (98.56)

2.62

2.41–2.84

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded

116 (0.12)

99,952 (99.88)

0.21

0.17–0.25

<  0.001

 

Age (years)

<  3.0 years

24 (0.02)

142,327 (99.98)

0.11

0.07–0.18

<  0.001

<  0.001

3.0 - < 6.0 years

145 (0.15)

98,128 (99.85)

Base

   

6.0 - < 9.0 years

797 (1.23)

64,241 (98.77)

8.40

7.03–10.02

<  0.001

 

9.0 - < 12.0 years

1091 (2.75)

38,600 (97.25)

19.13

16.08–22.75

<  0.001

 

≥ 12.0 years

697 (2.48)

27,377 (97.52)

17.23

14.40–20.62

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded

11 (0.21)

5174 (99.79)

1.44

0.78–2.66

<  0.001

 

Sex

Female

1310 (0.72)

181,347 (99.28)

Base

  

<  0.001

Male

1454 (0.75)

103,177 (99.25)

1.04

0.97–1.12

0.282

 

Not recorded

1 (0.08)

1323 (99.92)

0.10

0.01–0.74

0.024

 

Neuter

Entire

380 (0.27)

139,083 (99.73)

Base

  

<  0.001

Neutered

1756 (1.04)

166,332 (98.96)

3.86

3.46–4.32

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded

629 (0.89)

70,432 (99.11)

3.27

2.88–3.71

<  0.001

 

Sex-Neuter

Female-entire

172 (0.26)

65,611 (99.74)

Base

  

<  0.001

Female-neutered

846 (1.01)

82,506 (98.99)

3.91

3.32–4.61

<  0.001

 

Female-unrecorded

292 (0.87)

33,230 (99.13)

3.35

2.78–4.05

<  0.001

 

Male-entire

208 (0.29)

72,573 (99.71)

1.09

0.89–1.34

0.387

 

Male-neutered

910 (1.08)

83,707 (98.92)

4.15

3.52–4.88

<  0.001

 

Male-unrecorded

336 (0.90)

36,897 (99.10)

3.47

2.89–4.18

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded-unrecorded

1 (0.08)

1323 (99.92)

0.29

0.04–2.06

0.215

 

Insurance

Non-insured

249 (0.97)

25,364 (99.03)

Base

  

<  0.001

Insured

661 (1.50)

43,293 (98.50)

1.56

1.34–1.80

<  0.001

 

Unrecorded

1855 (0.60)

307,109 (99.40)

0.62

0.54–0.70

<  0.001

 
  1. Row percentages shown in brackets. aCI confidence interval