From: Diabetes mellitus in dogs attending UK primary-care practices: frequency, risk factors and survival
Variable | Case (%) n = 409 | Control (%) n = 818 | Odds Ratio | 95% CIa | Category P-value | Variable P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Median (range) | 10.00 (3.16–18.00) | 7.12 (3.07–17.25) | < 0.001 | |||
Age at diagnosis | ||||||
3 to < 8 years | 77 (18.8%) | 464 (56.7%) | Base | < 0.001 | ||
8 to < 10 years | 124 (30.3%) | 153 (18.7%) | 4.88 | 3.48–6.85 | < 0.001 | |
10 to < 13 years | 165 (40.3%) | 140 (17.1%) | 7.10 | 5.11–9.88 | < 0.001 | |
> 13 years | 43 (10.5%) | 61 (7.5%) | 4.25 | 2.68–6.72 | < 0.001 | |
Sex | n = 817 | 0.732 | ||||
Female | 200 (48.9%) | 408 (49.9%) | Base | |||
Male | 209 (51.1%) | 409 (50.1%) | 1.04 | 0.82–1.32 | 0.732 | |
Neuter status | n = 817 | 0.001 | ||||
Entire | 120 (29.3%) | 322 (39.4%) | Base | |||
Neutered | 289 (70.7%) | 495 (60.6%) | 1.57 | 1.21–2.02 | 0.001 | |
Sex-neuter | n = 817 | < 0.001 | ||||
Male-entire | 49 (12.0%) | 173 (21.2%) | Base | |||
Male-neutered | 160 (39.1%) | 236 (28.9%) | 2.39 | 1.64–3.48 | < 0.001 | |
Female-entire | 78 (19.1%) | 149 (18.2%) | 1.85 | 1.22–2.81 | 0.004 | |
Female-neutered | 122 (29.8%) | 259 (31.7%) | 1.66 | 1.13–2.44 | 0.009 | |
Weight: PUREBRED ONLY | n = 253 | n = 485 | < 0.001 | |||
Below breed mean | 92 (36.4%) | 246 (50.7%) | Base | |||
At or above breed mean | 161 (63.6%) | 239 (49.3%) | 1.80 | 1.32–2.46 | < 0.001 | |
Purebred status | 0.051 | |||||
Crossbred | 92 (22.5%) | 226 (27.7%) | Base | |||
Purebred | 317 (77.5%) | 591 (72.3%) | 1.15 | 1.00–1.32 | 0.051 | |
Breed ≥ 10 dogs and/or ≥ 5 case dogs | < 0.001 | |||||
Crossbred | 88 (21.5%) | 204 (24.9%) | Base | |||
Tibetan Terrier | 9 (2.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | 10.43 | 2.21–49.27 | 0.003 | |
Border Terrier | 21 (5.1%) | 10 (1.2%) | 4.87 | 2.20–10.76 | < 0.001 | |
Cairn Terrier | 5 (1.2%) | 3 (0.4%) | 3.86 | 0.90–16.52 | 0.068 | |
Miniature Schnauzer | 10 (2.4%) | 6 (0.7%) | 3.86 | 1.36–10.96 | 0.011 | |
West Highland White Terrier | 53 (13.0%) | 32 (3.9%) | 3.84 | 2.32–6.36 | < 0.001 | |
Yorkshire Terrier | 30 (7.3%) | 23 (2.8%) | 3.02 | 1.66–5.50 | < 0.001 | |
Bichon Frise | 11 (2.7%) | 15 (1.8%) | 1.70 | 0.75–3.85 | 0.203 | |
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 16 (3.9%) | 22 (2.7%) | 1.69 | 0.84–3.36 | 0.138 | |
Jack Russell Terrier | 32 (7.8%) | 51 (6.2%) | 1.45 | 0.88–2.42 | 0.148 | |
Border Collie | 13 (3.2%) | 23 (2.8%) | 1.31 | 0.63–2.70 | 0.465 | |
Cocker Spaniel | 13 (3.2%) | 26 (3.2%) | 1.16 | 0.57–2.36 | 0.684 | |
Purebred (other) | 71 (17.4%) | 269 (32.9%) | 0.90 | 0.61–1.33 | 0.597 | |
Labrador Retriever | 25 (6.1%) | 76 (9.3%) | 0.76 | 0.45–1.28 | 0.304 | |
Lhasa Apso | 4 (1.0%) | 13 (1.6%) | 0.71 | 0.23–2.25 | 0.564 | |
Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 12 (2.9%) | 56 (6.9%) | 0.50 | 0.25–0.97 | 0.041 | |
Springer Spaniel – unspecified | 2 (0.5%) | 12 (1.5%) | 0.39 | 0.08–1.76 | 0.219 | |
Golden Retriever | 1 (0.2%) | 9 (1.1%) | 0.26 | 0.03–2.06 | 0.201 | |
Boxer | 1 (0.2%) | 11 (1.35) | 0.21 | 0.03–1.66 | 0.139 | |
Shih-Tzu | 2 (0.5%) | 24 (2.9%) | 0.19 | 0.04–0.84 | 0.028 | |
Chihuahua | 1 (0.2%) | 14 (1.7%) | 0.17 | 0.02–1.28 | 0.085 | |
German Shepherd Dog | 1 (0.2%) | 14 (1.7%) | 0.17 | 0.02–1.28 | 0.085 | |
English Springer Spaniel | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (1.2%) | . | . | . | |
Pug | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (1.2%) | . | . | . | |
Co-morbidities/medication | ||||||
Glucocorticoids: Yes | 34 (8.3%) | 28 (3.4%) | 2.56 | 1.53–4.28 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
No | 375 (91.7%) | 790 (96.6%) | Base | |||
Obesity: Yes | 67 (16.4%) | 79 (9.7%) | 1.83 | 1.29–2.60 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
No | 342 (83.6%) | 739 (90.3%) | Base | |||
Hyperadrenocorticism: Yes | 26 (6.4%) | 2 (0.2%) | 27.7 | 6.54–117.29 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
No | 383 (93.6%) | 816 (99.8%) | Base | |||
Pancreatitis: Yes | 46 (11.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 103.53 | 14.22–753.62 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
No | 363 (88.8%) | 817 (99.9%) | Base | |||
Insurance status | n = 817 | < 0.001 | ||||
Insured | 133 (32.5%) | 113 (13.8%) | 3.00 | 2.25–4.00 | < 0.001 | |
Not Insured | 276 (67.5%) | 704 (86.2%) | Base | |||
Veterinary group | < 0.001 | |||||
A | 3 (0.7%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0.82 | 0.16–4.10 | 0.805 | |
B | 147 (35.9%) | 244 (29.9%) | 0.49 | 0.37–0.66 | < 0.001 | |
C | 55 (13.5%) | 40 (4.9%) | 1.12 | 0.71–1.77 | 0.621 | |
D | 201 (49.1%) | 164 (20.1%) | Base | |||
E | 3 (0.7%) | 366 (44.8%) | 0.01 | 0.002–0.02 | < 0.001 |