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Table 1 The prevalence of individual clinical features of both hypoadrenocorticism and atypical hypoadrenocorticism compiling data from the most relevant case series [14, 18, 25, 28, 29, 37, 38, 42, 46]. In most cases of hypoadrenocorticism, mineralocorticoid deficiency was presumed because of associated electrolyte abnormalities but this was not always the case. Some studies did not differentiate primary hypoadrenocorticism and glucocorticoid deficiency alone and clinical features were considered collectively and included in the hypoadrenocorticism group [18, 25, 37, 38]. In most cases of “atypical” hypoadrenocorticism, electrolyte abnormalities were not present and while glucocorticoid deficiency was confirmed, mineralocorticoid production was not usually evaluated. Secondary hypoadrenocorticism was confirmed in only a small number of these cases

From: Diagnosis of canine spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism

Clinical features

Hypoadrenocorticism

“Atypical” hypoadrenocorticism

No. affected (No. evaluated)

%

No. affected (No. evaluated)

%

Lethargy

495 (585)

84.6

49 (77)

63.6

Anorexia

424 (532)

79.7

37 (77)

48.1

Vomiting

420 (585)

71.8

49 (77)

63.6

Weakness

226 (450)

50.2

20 (66)

30.3

Diarrhoea

222 (532)

41.7

39 (77)

50.6

Hypothermia

94 (267)

35.2

0 (77)

0

Dehydration

174 (468)

37.2

2 (18)

11.1

Weight loss

164 (485)

33.8

21 (77)

27.2

Abdominal pain

44 (223)

19.7

9 (77)

11.7

Polyuria

86 (460)

18.7

9 (77)

11.7

Polydipsia

85 (460)

18.5

10 (77)

12.9

Melaena

50 (355)

14.1

4 (59)

6.8

Haematemesis

12 (278)

4.3

0 (77)

0

Shock/collapse

119 (349)

11.3

3 (29)

10.3

Incontinence

3 (35)

8.5

1 (11)

9.1

Shaking/shivering

108 (475)

22.7

1 (11)

9.1

  1. No. Number