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Table 3 Diagnostic performance of different clinicopathological, imaging, and endocrine abnormalities described in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism

From: Diagnosis of canine spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism

Study

Parameter

Cut-offs

No./type of cases

Sensitivity % (CI)

Specificity & (CI)

Seth et al. 2011

Lymphocyte count

 > 5.0 × 109/L

53 HA 110 DMH

19 (9–32)

99 (95–100)

Zeugswetter et al. 2014

Lymphocyte count

 > 2.45 × 109L

38 HA 107 DMH

92

91

Zeugswetter et al. 2014

Neutrophil:lymphocyte

 ≤ 2.3

38 HA 107 DMH

67

82

Zeugswetter et al. 2014

Eosinophil count

 > 3.98 × 109/L

38 HA 107 DMH

91

72

Seth et al. 2011

Na:K

 < 27

53 HA 110 DMH

70 (56–82)

94 (87–97)

 < 24

62 (48–75)

96 (91–99)

 < 20

51 (37–65)

100 (97–100)

Zeugswetter et al. 2014

 ≤ 22

38 HA 107 DMH

92

91

Adler et al. 2007

 < 27

76 HA 200 HP

89 (80–95)

97 (93–99)

 < 24

79 (67–86)

100 (97–100)

Boretti et al. 2015

 ≤ 24

23 HA 109 DMH

56 (35–77)

99 (93–100)

Reagan et al. 2020

Machine algorithm

 

133 HA + 908 DMH

96.3 (81.7–99.8)

97.2 (93.7–98.8)

Wenger et al. 2010

Right adrenal gland thickness

 < 3.05 mm

22 HA, 14 H, 10 NAI

82

90

Left adrenal gland thickness

 < 2.8 mm

29 HA, 14 H, 10 NAI

90

100

Lennon et al. 2007

Basal cortisol

 ≤ 55 nmol/L

13 HA 110 NAI

100

78.2

 ≤ 27.59 nmol/L

100

98.2

Bovens et al. 2014

 ≤ 55 nmol/L

14HA 450 NAI

100

63.3

 ≤ 27.59 nmol/L

85.7

91.8

Boretti et al. 2015

 ≤ 55 nmol/L

23 HA 109 DMH

100 (85–100)

20 (13–22)

Gold et al. 2016

 ≤ 55 nmol/L

163 HA 359 NAI

99.4

67

 < 22 nmol/L

96.9

95.7

 ≤ 5.5 nmol/L

81.6

99.1

Zeugswetter et al. 2014

eACTH

 > 50 pmol/L

38 HA 107 DMH

96

100

Boretti et al. 2015

 > 178 pg/mL

23 HA 109 DMH

91 (72–99)

99 (93–100)

Boretti et al. 2015

Cortisol to eACTH ratio

 ≤ 0.01

23 HA 109 DMH

100 (85–100)

99 (93–100)

  1. eACTH endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone; CI Confidence interval; DMH Diseases mimicking hypoadrenocorticism; HA Hypoadrenocorticism; HP Hospital population; H Healthy; NAI Non-adrenal illness; Na:K Sodium to potassium ratio