Table 8 Summary of measurements included in the study with landmarks
Measurement (mm) | Tool | Point A | Point B |
|---|---|---|---|
M1 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Medial nose-mouth transition |
M2 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Stop (point of transition from cranial to facial skeleton) |
M3 | Tape measure | Occipital protuberance | Stop |
M4 | Ruler | Stop | End of muzzle |
M5 | Tape measure | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on one side | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on the other side |
M6 | Callipers | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on one side | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on the other side |
M7 | Callipers | Zygomatic arch on one side | Zygomatic arch on the other side (the widest point) |
M8 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Point of wing of atlas |
M9 | Callipers | Lateral canthus of one eye | Lateral canthus of the other eye |
M10 | Callipers | Medial canthus of one eye | Medial canthus of the other eye |
M11 | Tape measure | Most ventral point of thorax | Ground |
M12 | Tape measure | Tuber ischium of the pelvis | Ground |
M13 | Tape measure | Greater tubercle of the humerus | Tuber ischium of the pelvis |
M14 | N/A | Eye conformational abnormalities, including strabismus, exophthalmos and exotropia determined by observation when dog looking forwards, left and right (Figure 9). | |