Fig. 3

Photos representing the phenotypic impact of the e^A allele. The e^A/e^A and e^A/e¹ genotypes mask the presence of K^B (or k^br) at the K locus to produce phenotypes representing the dogs A locus genotype; a^y fawn in Cirneco dell’Etna (a) and in Drever (b); differing from the rare K^B solid eumelanin shade in Cirneco dell’Etna (in which the eumelanin shade is brown due to variants in the TYRP1 gene) (c); or k^br brindle patterning displayed in Plott (d); a saddle tan modified a^t tan point in mixed breed dog (e-f) instead of solid dominant black in Labrador Retriever (g). The e^A phenotype in dogs expressing patterns of the A locus a^y fawn; is cream in Berger d’Auvergne (h-i) and domino in Finnish Lapphund (j) compared to fawn in Berger d’Auvergne (k) and heavily shaded fawn in Finnish Lapphund (l); a^w wolf sable also presents as color pattern domino in Siberian Husky (m) and in a mixed breed dog (n), compared to typical wolf sable in Siberian Husky (o) and in mixed breed dog (p); similarly a^t tan point shows a color pattern called “grizzle” in Chihuahua (q) or reduced saddle tan patterning called “pied” in Beagle (r); (j) compared to normal tan points in Chihuahua (s) or typical saddle tan patterning in Beagle (t); a recessive black dog manifests tan points with pale hair root in Alaskan Klee Kai (u-v) or wolf sable in Tamaskan Dog (w) instead of uniform recessive black in German Shepherd Dog (x). Taken together, ancient red e^A phenotypes manifest as a wide variety of partial recessive red coat colors expressing less eumelanin compared to dogs with wild type E, while no eumelanin is expressed in e recessive red exemplified by a Cirneco dell’Etna (y)